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THE COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY

Mgr Laurence, the Bishop of Tarbes, decided only twelve days after the last apparition on the 28th July 1858 to appoint a commission of enquiry. This enquiry was to establish the facts, question the witnesses, the doctors who cared for the sick who were now cured, and to consult with scientists who specialised in physical science, chemistry, geology.

"to gather and to set down the facts about what happened or what could happen again in the Grotto of Lourdes ; to inform us of these, to make us aware of their nature, and to furnish us, as well, with all the important elements involved in order to arrive at a solution... The Commission must neglect nothing in order to tie up all loose ends and arrive at the truth, whatever it may be."

The Commission had to examine the following issues in relation to the cures caused by using the water of the Grotto:

Were the visions of Bernadette true?

Were the visions of a divine character?

If 'yes', did the object that appeared make demands of the child?

What were these demands?

Was the water natural or supernatural?

Did the spring in the Grotto exist before the vision which Bernadette claimed to have had?

For almost four years the Commission carried out its investigation and its enquiry, during which it questioned Bernadette, and the Bishop gave his conclusion in the famous document of 18th January 1862 "giving the judgement on the Apparitions which took place at the Grotto of Lourdes."

The Bishop went on to explain in the document;

"We are inspired by the Commission comprising of wise, holy, learned and experienced priests who questioned the child, studied the facts, examined everything and weighed all the evidence. We have also called on science, and we remain convinced that the Apparitions are supernatural and divine, and that by consequence, what Bernadette saw was the Most Blessed Virgin. Our convictions are based on the testimony of Bernadette, but above all on the things that have happened, things which can be nothing other than divine intervention".

The Bishop was convinced that the young Bernadette did not wish to deceive anyone and that she was sincere in her testimony and he states;

"Who could not admire, on meeting her, the simplicity, the openness, and the modesty of this child? She only spoke when she was spoken to. She spoke without exaggeration and with a touching naivety. To the many questions asked of her, she gave clear and precise answers always to the point, without hesitation and stamped with a strong conviction. Always in control of herself, she has, in the many different interrogations to which she was submitted, constantly maintained what she said, with nothing added, nothing retracted. The sincerity of Bernadette is, thus, unquestionable. But if Bernadette does not want to deceive, was she not deceived herself? How could she believe to see and hear what she did not see and hear? Was she not the victim of hallucinations? How could we believe her? The wisdom of her answers reveals in this child a spirit of goodness, a quiet imagination, good sense beyond her years. Religious feelings never showed in her a spirit of exhalation; nobody could prove in the young girl neither intellectual disorder, nor change of mind nor unusual personality nor morbid feelings which would allow her to give way to a creative imagination."

And the Bishop added that Bernadette saw The Virgin not once but eighteen times. He notes that her expression changed during the Apparitions and that she heard in a language that she did not always understand, but which she always remembered.

"These circumstances put together do not allow us to believe in a hallucination, the young girl has truly seen and heard a being calling herself the Immaculate Conception. And this phenomenon cannot be explained naturally, we have good reason to believe that the Apparition is supernatural ... the marvellous things that have been happening since the first event. If one judges the tree by its fruits, we can say that the Apparition as seen by the young girl is supernatural and divine, because she has produced supernatural and divine results ... pilgrims came from faraway districts and neighbouring countries hurrying to the Grotto ... to pray and ask favours from the Immaculate Virgin Mary. Souls already Christian are strengthened in virtue, people frozen into indifference have been brought back to the practice of their religion, obstinate pilgrims are reconciled with God after having Our Lady of Lourdes invoked in their favour. These wonders of grace, which have a universal and lasting character, can only have God as their author, do they not come, as a result, to confirm the truth of the Apparitions?"
"In this way, sick try the water of the Grotto, and this is not without success, many were sick who did not respond to the most stringent of treatments, and who suddenly recovered their health. These extraordinary cures have had an immense effect ... Sick people of all countries request the water of Massabielle ... we cannot list here all the favours granted, but what we want to say is that it is the water of Massabielle which has cured those who were sick and who were abandoned or declared incurable. These cures have been obtained by using a water which in itself has no special curative qualities, according to those skilled in chemistry who have carried out rigorous tests. Science, which was consulted on this subject, responded negatively. These cures are thus the work of God.

To conclude, the Bishop said :

"There is thus a direct link between the cures and the Apparitions, the Apparitions are of divine origin, since the cures carry a divine stamp. But what comes from God is the truth! As a result, the Apparition, calling herself the Immaculate Conception, that Bernadette saw and heard, is the Most Holy Virgin Mary! Thus we write: the finger of God is here."

The Bishop making reference to the declaration of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception by Pope Pius IX at the end of 1854 states:

"Then about three years afterwards, the Virgin Mary appeared to a child telling her: 'I am the Immaculate Conception...I want a church built here in my honour'. Does this not appear that she wants to confirm, by a monument, the infallible word of the successor of St. Peter?"

Today the declaration of Bishop Laurence, the Bishop of Tarbes at the time of the Apparitionsis recorded on a marble slab on the right hand side after entering the Upper Basilica

"We judge : that Mary Immaculate, the Mother of God, really did appear to Bernadette Soubirous, on eighteen occasions from 11th February 1858 at the Grotto of Massabielle, near the town of Lourdes; that these Apparitions bear the characteristics of truth; that the faithful can believe them as true. We humbly submit our judgement to the judgement of the Sovereign Pontiff, who is responsible for governing the Universal Church".

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