The Seven Sacraments of the Church

The Catholic life is nourished by prayer and the sacraments. The sacraments celebrate the triumph of Christ over sin, death and the world, through His passion, death and resurrection.

Christ’s resurrection is a triumph over death which is shared by all Christians and gives our lives new meaning.

The relationship between God and us is personalised in Christ. It is through Christ that God speaks to us. The Church sees its sacramental ministry as the continuation of Christ’s ministry.

Although God is always present, sacraments are special times at which we know the way in which God is present.

Christ laid hands on the sick, so does the Church, both the physically sick (Anointing of the Sick) and the spiritually ‘sick’ who feel the need to reconcile with God (Reconciliation). Both of these sacraments are prominent in Lourdes.

The three sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and the Eucharist are known as the sacraments of initiation as they bring us into the Christian life.

When adults are baptised in the Catholic Church they receive the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation and the Eucharist at the same time (normally the Easter Vigil).

1. Baptism
   The sacrament which incorporates us into the Body of Christ, the Church, it is the sacrament of new life. Through baptism we are made one with the risen Lord and enter into His risen life (Romans 6:4) Baptism can never be repeated because it binds a person to God forever. It is possible to lose one’s faith, but not one’s baptism. Baptism binds one to God and to all other baptised persons.
   
2. Confirmation
   The sacrament by which a baptised person receives the seal of the Holy Spirit. God gives them the Gift of the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 1:13-14). The deepened presence of the Holy Spirit, given to one through this sacrament is intended to sustain us in a life of adult Christian witness and service to others.
   
3. The Eucharist
   This sacrament is the centre of our relationship with God. It is the source from which all the other sacraments derive their power; but equally all the other sacraments are orientated towards it. The Eucharist is both sacrifice and sacrament. It unites one with God and sends us forth to proclaim the Good News. As the third of the sacraments of initiation its role is to remind us of Christ’s promise that we shall share in His glory in heaven (John 6:54-56). Through the Eucharist we share in Christ’s death and in His resurrection.
   
4. Marriage
   Marriage is the sacrament which seals a man and a woman’s vocation to live together. The Church believes that the love of a married couple, reflects the love of Christ. The relationship between Christ and His Church is referred to as marriage (Ephesians 5:32).
   
5. Holy Orders
   This sacrament is conferred upon the men who exercise the priestly role of Christ within the Church. It has three degrees: episcopate (bishops), presbyterate (priests) and diaconate (deacons). Normally in the Latin Catholic Church, Holy Orders are only conferred upon celibate men, although permanent deacons may be married men.
   Bishops posses the fullness of this sacrament. They are ordained bishops by other bishops. Bishops are the successors of the apostles and this unbroken chain of ordination is known as the apostolic succession. They are the shepherds of their flock and the head of the particular Church (diocese) entrusted to them. They administer the sacraments of the Church. Collectively, all the bishops as successors of the apostles are responsible for the apostolic mission of the whole Church.
   Priests share in all aspects of a bishop’s ministry except ordination. They exercise their ministry in communion with their bishop and are dependent on him.
   Deacons can be of two types. The diaconate is conferred by the bishop as the first stage in ordination for those men who go on to the priesthood. However since the Second Vatican Council the order of deacon has been revived and men may be ordained as permanent deacons. These men will not normally go on to be ordained as priests. Deacons assist priests and bishops, they cannot celebrate the Eucharist or the sacraments of Reconciliation and Anointing of the Sick.
   
6. Reconciliation (often known as Confession)
   In this sacrament a baptised Catholic who has sinned receives God’s healing forgiveness and is reconciled with the Church community. This sacrament is intended to heal the sinner and the Church both of whom suffer when sin is committed. Jesus tells us of the joy that this brings (Luke 15:10).
   
7. Anointing of the Sick (which was known as the Last Rites)
   The purpose of this sacrament is the restoration of health, but it is often given to people in danger of death (hence the old term of the Last Rites). The sacrament of the anointing of the sick helps a person who is ill to share more fully in the cross of Christ and so prepare them to share more fully in Christ’s Resurrection. The purpose of the sacrament is to heal a sick person physically and spiritually (James 5:14-15).
   

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